The induction of both GDF15 and STC2 genes is construed as specific to MK-4, since it was shown not to be brought about by another vitamin K(2) isoform MK-7, vitamin K(1) or the MK-4 side chain containing the geranylgeraniol group. Among the significantly upregulated genes, both growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) were concluded to serve as novel target genes, which both circumvented the traditional GGCX- and SXR-mediated pathways found in osteoblast-like cells. A microarray-based revelation of the present action of vitamin K2 in bone-derived osteoblastic cell genes corroborated the notion that the K2 variant menaquinone-4 (MK-4), in fact, is a hormone. Moreover, beyond its enzymatic character as a cofactor for the vitamin K-dependent GGCX (gamma-glutamyl carboxylase), Professor Inoue and his co-workers have shown that the K2 variant is, in fact, a transcriptional modulator of osseous marker genes, also serving as an extracellular matrix-related molecule, via the stimulation of the ‘steroid and xenobiotic receptor’ SXR.
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In addition, vitamin K has been used as a therapeutic remedy in the clinic to treat and prevent bone brittleness (osteoporosis) in Japan and many other countries around the world. Vitamin K has since more than 25 years been known to serve as a powerful nutrient factor in the preservation of homeostatic bone turnover, along with blood clotting biochemistry. Hence, vitamin K2 should be considered and consequently classified as a hormone.
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A large bulk of evidence published over the past 10 years establishes vitamin K2 in this category of substances. It has been stated that a true hormone is a product of living cells, which circulates in body fluids (such as blood) and elicits a specific and often stimulatory effect on the activity of cells situated remotely from its point of origin. Hence, vitamin K2 may be closely involved in or serving as a traditional molecular ‘link’ between hormonal receptors and intracellular signalling pathways. Among these genes are important biological markers of cellular characteristics or features (also known as cell phenotypes), as well as a set of molecules known to be involved in both hormone-induced, G-protein-mediated cell signalling, either directly or indirectly activating so-called sirtuins and/or histone deacetylaces (HDACs), known as determinants of cell types and their specific functions in a given tissue. It will change according to the quantity.Ī: We will send it to you.Vitamin K2 binds to the intranuclear receptor SXR and results in the activation of a plethora of genes, both directly and indirectly. We are a company that combines industry and trade.Ī: 3-7 working days after payment. For other low-value products, our minimum order quantity starts from 100g and 1kgĪ: Of course you can. Question 2: What is your minimum order quantity?Ī: For high value-added products, our MOQ starts from 10 grams.
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Q1: How to confirm the product quality before placing an order?Īnswer: Samples can be provided free of charge, and we have an inspection report issued by an authoritative third-party inspection agency. Vitamin K2 protects cardiovascular health Parameters of vitamin k2 mk4 powder Product Nameģ.
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Natto is one of the most abundant sources.As a cofactor of gamma-glutamine carboxylase, vitamin K2 plays a key role in cardiovascular and bone health by activating multivitamin K-dependent proteins.Ģ. It is also found in some animal meat products and fermented products, such as liver, fermented dairy products and cheese. Vitamin K2, also known as methyl naphthoquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin and one of the important vitamins indispensable to the human body.In humans, vitamin K2 is mainly synthesized by gut bacteria. Vitamin k2 mk4 benefits powder for supplements relentless improvement vitamin k2 mk4